PENINGKATAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 PADA REMAJA: SISTEMATIK REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55313/4c5rmp25Keywords:
diabetes mellitus tipe 2, remaja, perilaku sedentariAbstract
Latar belakang : Insiden diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM) pada remaja telah meningkat secara signifikan selama dua dekade terakhir. Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis bukti epidemiologis terbaru tentang tren, faktor risiko, dan implikasi T2DM di kalangan remaja. Metode: Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan dengan menganalisis 15 studi yang ditinjau sejawat yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2023, termasuk analisis tren global, tinjauan sistematis, studi kohort longitudinal, dan penelitian observasional regional. Studi dipilih berdasarkan relevansinya dengan populasi remaja (usia 10–19 tahun) dan fokusnya pada insiden T2DM, faktor risiko, perkembangan penyakit, atau hasil klinis. Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan peningkatan yang konsisten dalam insiden T2DM pada remaja, terutama di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Faktor-faktor utama yang berkontribusi meliputi obesitas sentral, gaya hidup tidak aktif, pola makan tidak sehat, dan predisposisi genetik. Perkembangan pubertas muncul sebagai faktor risiko fisiologis spesifik pada kelompok etnis tertentu. Tinjauan ini juga menyoroti komplikasi jangka panjang yang signifikan seperti hasil mikrovaskular dan kardiometabolik serta mengidentifikasi tantangan utama dalam manajemen penyakit, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pengendalian berat badan dan kepatuhan pengobatan. Kesimpulan: Beberapa studi menekankan pentingnya intervensi dini selama tahap pradiabetes untuk mencegah perkembangan penyakit. Diabetes tipe 2 pada remaja adalah masalah kesehatan multifaktorial yang berkembang dan membutuhkan strategi pencegahan dan manajemen terintegrasi. Kolaborasi multisektoral, termasuk penyedia layanan kesehatan, keluarga, sekolah, dan pembuat kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat, sangat penting untuk mengurangi beban kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi dari diabetes tipe 2 pada populasi remaja. Penelitian di masa mendatang harus fokus pada studi longitudinal dan representatif untuk mengevaluasi intervensi yang ditargetkan di berbagai lingkungan.
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