GAMBARAN KESENJANGAN KLINIS: TINJAUAN BERFOKUS FENOMENA TERHADAP PERJUANGAN DAN TANTANGAN MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DALAM MENGUASAI KETERAMPILAN PRAKTIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55313/h28tdc47Keywords:
pendidikan keperawatan, kompetensi klinik, penguasaan ketrampilan, pelatihan simulasi, IndonesiaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Penguasaan keterampilan praktik klinik merupakan salah satu pilar utama dalam pendidikan keperawatan, namun mahasiswa di berbagai negara masih melaporkan kesulitan yang berkelanjutan dalam mentransisikan pengetahuan teoretis menjadi performa klinik yang kompeten dan percaya diri. Di Indonesia, reformasi kurikulum, peningkatan jumlah mahasiswa, serta ketimpangan infrastruktur praktik klinik semakin memperberat tantangan tersebut. Tujuan: Tinjauan ini merupakan Fase 1 dari proyek penelitian pendidikan multi-tahap yang bertujuan memetakan fenomena yang tampak, hambatan praktik, serta realitas kontekstual yang membentuk proses penguasaan keterampilan klinik mahasiswa keperawatan di Indonesia dan lingkungan pendidikan lain yang sebanding. Metode: Narrative/scoping review yang dipandu oleh PRISMA 2020 dilakukan pada enam basis data (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC, Garuda, dan SINTA) terhadap publikasi periode Januari 2018 hingga Maret 2025. Sebanyak lima belas studi empiris dan dokumen kebijakan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diekstraksi dan disintesis secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena pembelajaran yang berulang tanpa melakukan telaah kritis mendalam. Hasil: Enam fenomena utama teridentifikasi, yaitu: (1) kecemasan performa dan ketakutan melakukan kesalahan klinik, (2) ketergantungan pada preseptor dan kualitas supervisi, (3) akses serta efektivitas simulasi, (4) kesenjangan geografis dan sumber daya, (5) kesenjangan budaya pendidikan dan pedagogi, serta (6) culture shock transisi dan adaptasi klinik. Kesimpulan: Proses penguasaan keterampilan klinik mahasiswa keperawatan masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan sistemik, mulai dari ketidaksesuaian kurikulum, keterbatasan lahan praktik, kualitas supervisi klinik, hingga dukungan psikologis mahasiswa. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan pembelajaran berbasis simulasi, standardisasi preseptorship, serta pengembangan kurikulum klinik yang lebih adaptif dan kontekstual guna meningkatkan kesiapan dan kompetensi klinik mahasiswa keperawatan.
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